El artículo presenta el análisis de las implicaciones de evaluar la comprensión de lectura y la redacción en pruebas de ingreso a la educación superior, como una consideración necesaria para el desarrollo de una política de competencia comunicativa. Se describe el diseño de un instrumento, partiendo de la concepción sociosemiótica de la lengua, del enfoque metodológico de la comprensión por niveles intra, inter y extratextual, ligado a procesos cognitivos, y la escritura como tecnología. Se incluye, además, un concepto de evaluación (...) enmarcado en el desarrollo de competencia, es decir, los resultados de la prueba se utilizan, por fuera de concepciones deterministas excluyentes, para mostrar un estado de la competencia y las acciones posibles de mejoramiento de la misma. La competencia comunicativa se demuestra como saber transversal, inter y transdisciplinario. (shrink)

Considering the transformation of educational scenarios, we recognize the need to train foreign language teachers with high pedagogical, research, and technological skills. This recognition considers the new challenges of education and aligns with the educational discourses and commitments that are shaped by the curricular proposals of foreign language programs in higher education. It is necessary to know the level of competencies of teacher trainers, university lecturers, to identify possible ongoing training needs. This research uses a mixed-methods design with an exploratory-descriptive (...) approach that contributes to the educational instructions to start continuous training plans for their teachers under the policies, global dynamics, and demands of education. The research shows that there are still challenges to confront, as teachers still have opportunities to strengthen their pedagogical, educational, and new technology competencies. This is a challenge that institutions should address in the rigorous implementation of lifelong learning programs. (shrink)

Theories related to cognitive sciences, Human-in-the-loop Cyber-physical systems, data analysis for decision-making, and computational ethics make clear the need to create transdisciplinary learning, research, and application strategies to bring coherence to the paradigm of a truly human-oriented technology. Autonomous objects assume more responsibilities for individual and collective phenomena, they have gradually filtered into routines and require the incorporation of ethical practice into the professions related to the development, modeling, and design of algorithms. To make this possible, it is pertinent and (...) urgent to bring them closer to the problems and approaches of the humanities. Increasingly transdisciplinary research must be part of the construction of systems that provide developers and scientists with the necessary bases to understand the ethical debate and therefore their commitment to society. This article considers two theories as articulating axes: Blumenberg’s, coming from the field of philosophy, for whom the process of technification and especially the implementation of mathematical models in their algorithmic form leads to an emptying of meaning and therefore makes programmers who implement their functions to be alien to the concerns that gave them origin; Daston’s, belonging to the field of the history of science and according to which the division of labor in the processes of technification of the calculation implies a kind of subordination in which those who implement the inventions of a small group of privileged mathematicians ignore the procedures that put them into operation. Given these two theories, the black box models prevalent in AI development, and the urgency of establishing explanatory frameworks for the development of computational ethics, this article exposes the need to give a voice to the cultural history of consciousness for promoting the discussions around the implementation of mathematical algorithms. The paper takes as a reference the different points of view that have emerged around the study of technological ethics, its applicability, management, and design. It criticizes the current state of studies from a humanistic perspective and explains how the historical perspective allows promoting the training of software engineers, developers and creators so that they assume intuitions and moral values in the development of their work. Specifically, it aims to expose how cultural history, applied to the study of consciousness and its phenomena, makes those involved in this technological revolution aware of the effect that they, through their algorithms, have on society in general and on human beings in particular. (shrink)

O artigo visa a analisar como a Psicologia tem encarado os desafios colocados pelo desempenho escolar. Discute os princípios e as ferramentas q ue têm orientado as práticas psicológicas no campo do fracasso escolar. Faz um debate acerca da interface Psicologia e Educação, partindo dos princípios da ..

Ancient critics reproached Xenocrates for beginning his work on the dialectic with a discussion of voice, and until now the question why he did so has never been systematically explored. Neither do we know why Xenocrates counted syllables, as Plutarch reports, and how he arrived at such an implausibly high number. In the first part of this paper, I show that Xenocrates’ interest in voice was suggested by Plato’s discussion of letters in his later dialogues, such as the Theatetus, the (...) Sophist, the Statesman, and the Philebus. Second, a fragment from Sextus attributed to Xenocrates confirms that Xenocrates allowed for various ‘levels’ of elements, and that explains why Theuth’s method, recommended in the Philebus, is applied to syllables. Finally, I address the very possibility of knowing the actual number of syllables and words, and address some of the problems connected to the reconstruction of the mathematical argument. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem como ponto de partida os índices de reprovação nas disciplinas de Teoria Literária, gerando, consequentemente, a necessidade de suprir uma lacuna anterior à aquisição de conhecimentos específicos: auxiliar os alunos universitários a ler e verdadeiramente compreender diferentes tipos de textos para, então, elaborarem posicionamentos críticos, sejam orais ou escritos. Sendo assim, este artigo baseia-se no conceito de letramento como uso efetivo e competente da tecnologia escrita, isto é, como um instrumento de interação com os outros, de aquisição (...) de conheci-mento, imersão no imaginário, no estético, etc. (Soares, 2007). E, tendo em vista que o letramento é apresentado também pelos PCN (2011) como elemento chave no processo de inclusão social, torna-se cada vez mais premente a necessidade de flexibilizar as estratégias de sala de aula, de modo a atingir inclusive um público universitário. Portanto, este artigo apresenta-se como uma análise e defesa do uso de textos da área dos estudos literários, como uma estratégia para melhorar e acelerar o processo de letramento entre estudantes do curso de Letras. A partir de uma abordagem liguística pragmática, e tendo como aporte teórico as obras de Philippe Perrenoud, Cipriano Luckesi, e Magda Soares, este trabalho também se configura como um relato de experiência interdisciplinar de sala de aula, com alunos do curso de Letras da Universidade Federal do Pampa, no Brasil, em uma das cidades sele-cionadas pelo Programa Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação. (shrink)

Nursing education is a dynamic process that is constantly changing. Currently, we want the profile of a professional who not only has technical-scientific skills, but also adopts a critical-reflexive and humanistic approach based on ethics. O aprender a cuidar em Enfermagem perpassa por questões que vão além do saber teórico, exigindo outras formas de agir, no que tange à formação e prática apoiadas na humanização. This study aimed to understand the senses of humanization in the teacher-student relationship during the supervised (...) internships in Tertiary Health Care services of a graduation. Nursing course in the interior of Pernambuco. This study aimed to understand the senses of humanization in the teacherstudent relationship during the supervised internships in Tertiary Health Care services of a graduation. Nursing course in the interior of Pernambuco. And as specific objectives: To investigate what is the perception about human relationship between teacher and student during supervised internships; identify how the relationship between teachers and students is developed during such activities and; To analyze how this relationship can affect and or impact on the development and performance of pairs. We emphasize that the study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, with the Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Appreciation of n. 05009218.4.0000.5208. The research in question was characterized by a qualitative approach, of an exploratory nature and to obtain the data, we conducted semistructured and audio-recorded interviews, from March to May 2019, with seven supervising professors from a Private Higher Education Institution in Agreste de Pernambuco, who fallowed the Supervised Internships in the Tertiary Care to Health. Data analysis took place from the perspective of Bardin and the obtained results showed that both teachers and students understood and recognized that a humanized relationship, in the context of supervised internships, is based on respect for beliefs, values and principles, aiming at the comprehensiveness of the human being. Besides, the studies show us that the type of relationship established between this binomial can impact in various ways on the development of its activities. This research made it possible to identify and understand the meanings of humanization in the teacher-student relationship during the exercise of Supervised Internship, through a practice based on the integrality of being. Keywords: Human Formation. Nursing. Humanization. Education. Supervised Internship. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal presentar y discutir el concepto de las hiperescrituras del yo como prácticas de producción de memorias. A partir de estas escrituras, practicadas y compartidas en la pandemia, se pretende pensar la ficción como táctica de (re)existencia. Finalmente se presenta una experiencia en la plataforma Moodle, diseñada con estudiantes durante el 2020, que tuvo la ficción como punto de partida de la propuesta didáctica.

The paper attempts to conciliate the important distinction between what-is, or exists, and what-is-not, thereby supporting Russell’s existential analysis, with some Meinongian insights. For this purpose, it surveys the varied inhabitants of the realm of ‘non-being’ and tries to clarify their diverse statuses. The position that results makes it possible to rescue them back in surprising but non-threatening form, leaving our ontology safe from contradiction.

A nation cannot exist without national culture and national self-consciousness. These concepts are decisive in the development of the nation. Values are the priorities of any nation, determined by its culture and self-awareness. The national cool is the basis for the formation and development of national self-consciousness. The aim is to analyze the influence of national culture on the formation of national consciousness. Justify their objective and subjective factors of formation, which are based on the motivational core of personality behavior. (...) National culture and national self-consciousness are the main features of a nation, without which it cannot exist and develop as a whole. National culture and national self-consciousness are one whole of the spiritual world of nations and nationalities. The development of national culture and national self-consciousness is an objective regularity. Naturally, contradictions in this process will exist and demand their resolution or escalate into conflicts. With a timely solution, they will play the role of an indicator of national development. (shrink)

There are the brought results of main organization problems of accounting and reporting system of small business in Ukraine as important basis of ensuring competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy in the conditions of current world financial and economic crisis. The simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting of small business is a necessary state support and regulation tool. The article has analyses of the characteristics and disadvantages of different taxation groups of small businesses. It was found that current approach applied (...) in Ukraine using to construct the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting is significantly different from the approaches used in the world. It was found that current model of simplified taxation, accounting and reporting using in Ukraine is characterized with only fiscal direction while ignoring the needs of small businesses in respect of the convenient and efficient accounting. This leads to the fact that a lot of small business in Ukraine focused on addressing poverty reduction, instead of innovation development. Author paid a particular attention to accounting policies improvement of the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting. Author suggesting the structure of the accounting policies order adapted to the small businesses needs that use the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting. (shrink)

Recent studies reveal that violence significantly contributes to explaining individual’s facial preferences. Women who feel at higher risk of violence prefer less-masculine male faces. Given the importance of violence, we explore its influence on people’s preferences for a different physical trait. Masculinity correlates positively with male strength and weight or body mass index. In fact, masculinity and BMI tend to load on the same component of trait perception. Therefore we predicted that individuals’ perceptions of danger from violence will relate to (...) preferences for facial cues to low-BMI. In two studies in Colombia, men and women from Bogota, Medellin, and surrounding communities were shown pairs of faces transformed to epitomize the shape correlates of men with high or low-BMI. The images were of European, Salvadoran, or Colombian men. Participants were asked to choose the face they considered most attractive. Subsequently, participants answered a survey about their health, media access, education level, and experiences/perceptions of violence in study 1 and about specific types of violence in study 2. Results from both studies showed that women who experienced/perceived higher levels of violence preferred faces of low-BMI Salvadoran men. Preferences for low-BMI facial cues were significantly explained by violence, even after controlling for all other variables. These results may reflect women’s strategy to avoid male partners capable of inflicting harm. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a letra do samba-enredo: “Agudás: os que levaram a África no coração e trouxeram para o coração da África, o Brasil”. Que contribuição este enredo oferece ao ensino de História da África e cultura afro-brasileira? Oferece uma memória histórica inédita ao carnaval carioca, dando visibilidade ao povo negro que retornou à África antes da abolição da escravidão no Brasil em 1888. Assim, propõe desconstruir o paradigma eurocêntrico e construir caminhos para a descolonização do currículo (...) escolar, na perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais. Esta arte carnavalesca da escola de samba Unidos da Tijuca, do carnaval carioca de 2003, é uma pedagogia cultural com potencial para desenvolver uma educação antirracista e decolonial no espaço escolar. Palavras-chave: Lei n. 10.639/2003. História da África. Ensino de História. (shrink)

A proposta que se insere neste artigo é a de ampliar a discussão sobre a presença da Filosofia na Educação Básica, a partir das formulações propostas pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular, instituídas a partir do Parecer CNE n. 15/2017 e da Resolução CNE n. 2/2017 e suas relações com o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, realizado, anualmente, pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira, órgão vinculado ao Ministério da Educação e aplicado a estudantes e egressos do sistema (...) educacional brasileiro, ou seja, o exame é de adesão voluntária e se propõe a avaliar os conhecimentos que os inscritos indicam saber sobre os conteúdos apreendidos durante os anos finais de formação na Educação Básica. O estudo utiliza a investigação exploratória e tem como objetivo estudar os resultados do Enem entre os anos 2013 e 2018, seu histórico, suas dinâmicas e propor uma análise sobre a avaliação do desempenho escolar por meio de habilidades e competências. Busca-se, também, compreender as avaliações externas, seus aspectos históricos e sua evolução com base em autores como Borges e Rothen, Ferreira, Minhoto, Oliveira, Soares, Vieira, entre outros, além das normativas legais que impactam e regulam as ações do microespaço da sala de aula. As análises indicam que a disciplina de Filosofia, possivelmente, desaparecerá do currículo escolar, uma vez que seus conteúdos se encontram diluídos nos chamados itinerários formativos dentro das disciplinas de Ensino Religioso e de História, reforçando a afirmação de Soares de que as “demandas socialmente úteis ao sistema capitalista tendem a fortalecer ideias perigosas, como a possível extinção dos cursos de Ciências Humanas dos currículos, bem como afasta a educação de sua prerrogativa fundamental, que é educar para a emancipação”. Palavras-chave: Avaliação. Enem. Ensino de Filosofia. (shrink)

Cuba's economical society called "Amigos del Pais" will be the first one t13 be implemented in the american colonies. As a result, the society research is a detinite factor for the con-ipreliensiond process of establisment and the illustrated institucional developnient. This article attempts to study how the economic society constitutes a ruling elite through a chain of strategies and processes in Santiago of Cuba whose function mil1 be relevant in the city later history and their people.

The purpose of the study is to determine the methodological features of the organization of design engineering activities when teaching physics at school. The article focuses on the formation of design and research skills of students, which is a mandatory requirement of the Federal State Educational Standard of the General Education. From our point of view, one of the stages of the implementation of project activities should be design, so the formation of design skills is also reflected in the FSES (...) BGE. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the definition of the concept of "project design activity", the definition of the methodology of the organization of project design activity in teaching physics at school. As a result, the requirements for the content and organization of design engineering activities in teaching physics at school are identified, a model of the methodology of its organization is proposed; the program of the circle is developed and an example of one of the implemented projects is given. (shrink)

Modern science is so much specialised that it seems utopic to try to follow it all at once. This new book is aimed at crossing the gap between specialists and a common understanding of 'modern science'. It would seem desirable that all educated people would know something from the humanities, literature, art but also the newest developments of natural sciences. One aim of this book is to point out the main messages of certain scientific fields, and what is really new (...) and beyond the average educational level, in order to broaden our horizons. Therefore, at the end of the chapters each scientific field possible future contributions and and ethical concerns, if any, are elaborated. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe-se a refletir sobre a construção do Eu de crianças com cegueira congênita a partir da teoria winnicottiana do amadurecimento. Para Winnicott, a natureza humana é uma questão de psique-soma em constante interação; o ser humano é essencialmente psicossomático, sendo o corpo o primeiro a chegar e a elaboração imaginativa das funções corpóreas o elemento constitutivo e enriquecedor da vida psíquica. Essa concepção da natureza humana parece ser a mais esclarecedora para a compreensão do desenvolvimento e da construção (...) do eu das crianças com cegueira congênita; crianças que chegam ao mundo com uma constituição orgânica significativamente diferente, que as conduzem por caminhos peculiares em seu processo de percepção e amadurecimento. Muitas dificuldades são apontadas na descrição do desenvolvimento dessas crianças: passividade de ego, ausência de interesse por objetos, atrasos na aquisição de capacidades, desinteresse por brincadeiras e verbalismo. Comportamentos considerados semelhantes aos de crianças autistas. Acreditamos que, a partir da teoria winnicottiana do desenvolvimento, muitas dessas vicissitudes podem ser compreendidas e alguns procedimentos terapêuticos indicados.This article proposes a reflection upon the ego development of children with congenital blindness through maturation theory. For Winnicott the human nature is a matter of psyche-some in constant interaction, the human being is essentially psychosomatic, in which the body is the first to arrive and the imaginative elaboration of the body functions are the elements that constitute and enrich the psychic life. This conception of the human nature seems to be the most clarifying for the comprehension of the development and the self constitution of the children with congenital blindness; children who arrive into the world with a significantly different organic constitution, which conducts them through a peculiar path in their process of perception and maturity. Many difficulties are pointed out on the description of the development of these children: passivity of the ego, absence of interest for objects, delay on the acquisition of abilities, disinterest for children's play, verbalism. Behaviors similar to those of autistic children. We believe that through Winnicott's developmental theory a lot of these vicissitudes can be comprehended and some therapeutic procedures can be indicated. (shrink)